Artificial leather, also known as imitation leather or rubber, is the general name of artificial materials such as PVC and PU. It is made of foamed or coated PVC and Pu with different formulas on the basis of textile cloth or non-woven cloth. It can be processed according to the requirements of different strength, wear resistance, cold resistance, color, luster and pattern.
It has the characteristics of a wide variety of designs and colors, good waterproof performance, neat margins, high utilization rate and relatively cheap price compared with leather, but the hand feel and elasticity of most artificial leather can not reach the effect of leather; In its longitudinal section, you can see fine bubble holes, cloth base or surface film and dry man-made fibers.
It has the characteristics of a wide variety of designs and colors, good waterproof performance, neat margins, high utilization rate and relatively cheap price compared with leather, but the hand feel and elasticity of most artificial leather can not reach the effect of leather; In its longitudinal section, you can see fine bubble holes, cloth base or surface film and dry man-made fibers. It is a very popular kind of material in the early days until now. It is widely used to make all kinds of leather products or some leather materials. Its increasingly advanced production technology is widely used in the processing and production of two-layer leather. Nowadays, the artificial leather with the characteristics very similar to leather is available in production. Its surface technology and the fiber structure of the base material almost reach the effect of leather, and its price is similar to that of domestic first layer leather.

Artificial leather, plastic products similar to leather. The plastic film is rolled on the cotton cloth or the synthetic resin containing plasticizer is evenly coated on the cotton cloth and then processed. It is soft in nature and has various colors and patterns.
Artificial leather is a kind of material similar to natural leather, which is a mixture of resin raw materials and other additives and obtained after certain processing. At present, the widely used resin raw materials are PVC (PVC) and polyurethane (PU).
In the manufacturing process of PVC leather, the plastic particles shall be melted and stirred into a paste, evenly coated on the T / C knitted fabric substrate according to the specified thickness, and then enter the foaming furnace for foaming, so that it has the softness that can adapt to the production of various products and different requirements. The surface treatment (dyeing, embossing, polishing, matting, grinding and fuzzing, etc.) shall be carried out at the same time when it is out of the furnace, mainly according to the specific product requirements.
The manufacturing process of PU leather is more complicated than that of PVC leather. Because the Pu base cloth is canvas PU material with good tensile strength, it can not only be coated on the base cloth, but also be included in the middle, so that the existence of the base cloth can not be seen outside. The physical properties of PU leather are better than those of PVC leather, with twists and turns resistance, good softness, high tensile strength and air permeability (PVC free).

Comparison of characteristics between PVC artificial leather and Pu artificial leather the first generation of artificial leather is PVC (PVC), which is cheap and has a certain natural leather texture, but it has the disadvantages of poor weather resistance, stiff hand feel and poor softness. It is mainly used in the field of low-end luggage, shoes and balls.
The second generation product is pu (polyurethane), which originated from the large-scale application of polyurethane materials in the 1940s. It has the advantages of soft gloss, soft hand feeling, strong leather feeling and good cold resistance. It is widely used in the fields of clothing, furniture and medium and high-grade shoes.
The pattern of PVC leather is hot pressed by steel pattern roller; The pattern of PU leather is first hot pasted and pressed on the surface of semi-finished leather with a kind of pattern paper, and then separated the paper leather after cooling down for surface treatment.
The price of PU leather is more than twice that of PVC leather, and the price of PU leather with special requirements is 2-3 times higher than that of PVC leather. Generally, the pattern paper required for PU leather can only be used for 4-5 times and will be scrapped; The service cycle of patterned roller is long, so the cost of PU leather is higher than that of PVC leather.
The scope of application of the two materials is also different. In terms of footwear, PVC leather is mostly used in lining or non weight bearing parts, or in the manufacture of children's shoes; PU leather can be applied to the fabric of shoes or parts bearing weight. In terms of bags, PVC leather is more suitable. This is because the items in the bag are different from the feet in shoes and will not emit heat; No need to bear personal weight.
It is easy to distinguish between Pu and PVC. From the corners, the bottom cloth of Pu is much thicker than PVC, and there are also differences in hand feeling. Pu feels softer; PVC feels harder; You can also burn it with fire. The taste of Pu is much lighter than that of PVC.

With the progress of economic development, leather plays a more and more important role in people's daily life. Cheap and high-quality artificial leather has also become the product people love most. At present, the artificial leather industry has developed into one of the important industries in the daily consumer products industry.
At present, PVC artificial leather dominates the artificial leather, which is the first generation of products. There are three types of products:
① Ordinary artificial leather, also known as non foaming artificial leather. Most of them are made of plain cloth, canvas and recycled cloth by direct coating method. Because the coating is dense and the paste can penetrate into the pores of the base cloth, the finished product feels hard and wear-resistant. It is mainly used for making wear-resistant packaging bags, construction and industrial accessories, etc.
② Foamed artificial leather. Usually it is based on needle woven fabric. Foaming agent and its additives are used in the surface paste. When it is gelatinization, it forms a microporous structure, resulting in light quality, full and soft handle. Produced by transfer coating method. It is mainly used for making gloves, bags, bags, clothing and furniture.
③ Suede artificial leather. Commonly known as artificial suede. It has a wide variety and a variety of production methods.

The development of artificial leather has basically experienced three stages, that is, PVC artificial leather coated with PVC polymer materials appeared in the 1930s, which has realized the practical application of industrialization in the replacement of natural leather. This is the first generation of artificial leather.
In the manufacturing process of PVC leather, the plastic particles are first melted and stirred into a paste, evenly coated on the T / C knitted fabric substrate according to the specified thickness, and then foamed in the foaming furnace to make it have the softness that can adapt to the production of various products and different requirements. The surface treatment (dyeing, embossing, polishing, matting, grinding and fuzzing, etc.) is carried out at the same time of coming out of the furnace, mainly according to the specific product requirements.
The manufacturing process of PU leather is more complicated than that of PVC leather. Because the Pu base cloth is canvas PU material with good tensile strength, it can not only be coated on the base cloth, but also be included in the middle, so that the existence of the base cloth can not be seen outside. The physical properties of PU leather are better than those of PVC leather, with twists and turns resistance, good softness, high tensile strength and air permeability, which is the advantage that PVC does not have.
The difference between Pu artificial leather and PVC artificial leather is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Pu feels softer than PVC, with good quality and toughness. It is generally used as fabric and can withstand relatively large tensile force;
2. Pu is more expensive than PVC;
3. PVC can be torn by force, but Pu cannot;
4. PVC bottom cloth is generally thin and thin; PVC has more water needle cloth bottom and sweat clothes cloth bottom, while Pu cloth bottom has higher quality; The base of PVC leather is generally textile cloth and knitted cloth, and the base of PU leather is non-woven cloth;
5. If you burn with fire, the taste of Pu is relatively light, and PVC will turn black and stink.
6. The specific gravity of PVC is larger than that of PU.
7. PVC has deep lines and obvious foaming layer in the middle.

Artificial leather products have covered all aspects of life. Seats, sofas, leather shoes, bags... Artificial leather products can be seen everywhere. However, many people are still unclear about the characteristics of artificial leather and the difference between artificial leather and real leather. Although the current trend is the further development of artificial leather and the further loss of market for leather products, it doesn't hurt to understand.
First of all, you can distinguish leather and artificial leather by touching the leather. The texture of leather is good, and the leather surface has very natural lines.
Then, you can use the water method, drop a little water on the leather material, and then wipe the water stains dry. It feels sticky and wet, and it is genuine leather. You can also use the perception method to take the front of the leather material and observe it carefully with your eyes. The leather has pores, while the artificial leather has no pores.
In addition, look at the reverse side of the leather material and look for the parts without folding. If it is made of base cloth, it must be artificial leather or artificial leather.
Tear off a little fiber from the back of real leather and artificial leather. After ignition, you can judge whether it is genuine leather or artificial leather by smell. Generally speaking, artificial leather has strong plastic smell and patterns,
With the above basic identification methods; The artificial leather has a strong pungent plastic smell without obvious pores and wrinkles. In terms of name, the yellow leather has symmetrical fine pores. Judge, pattern, cut off the corners and burn according to the following methods. After ignition, the artificial leather will be obvious.

Artificial leather products have covered all aspects of life. Seats, sofas, leather shoes, bags... Artificial leather products can be seen everywhere. So, what is noteworthy about artificial leather?
1、 Treatment of artificial leather odor
Treatment method:
1. Adopt the method of plant absorption and decomposition. If you put more plants next to the sofa. Its effect is very obvious. It is recommended to put several pots of large leaf plants like green pineapple.
2. Pineapple can be used. The method is to cut the pineapple into pieces, put it on a plate and put it on the sofa.
3. Light more candles around the sofa to produce carbon dioxide to neutralize indoor gas and accelerate oxidation.
4. Or more ventilation. Generally, after 10 o'clock in the morning, ventilation is divided into morning, middle and evening for 20 minutes respectively. It won't freeze the heating for 20 minutes at a time.
2、 Maintenance and precautions of artificial leather
1. Excessive temperature will change the appearance of artificial leather and adhere to each other. It should not be placed near the stove or near the radiator, and do not let the sun shine directly.
2. Furniture should not be placed in rooms where the temperature is too low. If the temperature is too low or the cold air is blown directly for a long time, the artificial leather will be frozen, cracked and hardened.
3. Furniture should not be placed in a space with high humidity. Excessive humidity will cause the hydrolysis of synthetic leather to occur and develop, cause damage to the surface film and shorten the service life. Therefore, rooms such as bathroom, bathroom and kitchen should not be.
4. When wiping artificial leather, do not use a wet towel or wet cloth. Generally, it is better to wipe it with a dry cloth.

Artificial leather products have covered all aspects of life. Seats, sofas, leather shoes, bags... Artificial leather products can be seen everywhere.
The technology of artificial leather originated in Germany in the 1930s and was mainly promoted by Japanese and American enterprises. Japan once became the world's largest producer of artificial leather in the 1990s. After the 1990s, with the increase of human and environmental costs and the opening of China's market, the global artificial leather production center gradually shifted to mainland China. At present, China has become the world's first adult leather production and consumption center, accounting for 70% of the world's total output.
There are more and more products made of artificial leather, and the maintenance problem has basically become a method that everyone must know. Therefore, today we will popularize some knowledge for everyone. By understanding this knowledge, we can better maintain artificial leather.
1. Ash removal. You can use a brush (or a vacuum cleaner).
2. First prop up with shoe support (some plastic or wooden shoe supports can change with the shape of the shoe).
3. Use a special brush. Note that the copper wire surface of the special brush mainly deals with the heavily stained parts and polished parts. First brush with the rubber face in one direction, rub the stains in circles, and then rub with copper wire. The side seam shall be cleaned with the bristles on the side of the brush.
4. Wipe it with a damp sponge to wet the upper. The main purpose is to facilitate the treatment of water-soluble substances.
5. Shake well and spray detergent on the surface. Remove the stains on both sides of the fiber with a rubber brush repeatedly. The dirty foam is dried with a damp sponge.
6. Air for more than ten minutes. When the hair is slightly dry and some wet, brush the rubber surface against the hair length direction. Brush the shoe body in this direction to spread the hair, so as to facilitate the following treatment.

1、 Classification of artificial leather
Artificial leather can be divided into many types due to different synthetic resins, different types of substrates, different production processes, foaming and different uses. Here, the artificial leather is classified according to the synthetic resin, base material, foaming or not, production process and application.
（1） Classification by synthetic resin used
1. PVC artificial leather
It is a plastic product made of a mixture of polyvinyl chloride resin, plasticizer and other compounding agents, coated or bonded on the fabric through a certain processing process. In addition, there are also double-sided PVC artificial leather with plastic layers on both sides of the substrate.
2. Polyamide artificial leather
Nylon 6 or nylon 66 solution is coated on the fabric, and the plastic product with continuous cellular structure is made by wet film-forming method.
3. Polyolefin artificial leather
Polyethylene artificial leather is a kind of foam artificial leather. It is made of low density polyethylene resin as the main raw material and modified with resin, crosslinking agent, lubricant and foaming agent.
4. Polyurethane artificial leather
Polyurethane artificial leather is divided into dry polyurethane artificial leather and wet polyurethane artificial leather. The so-called dry polyurethane artificial leather refers to the multi-layer structure composed of multi-layer film and backing cloth after volatilizing the solvent from the solution of solvent based polyurethane resin. Wet polyurethane artificial leather is a multi-layer structure with good air permeability and moisture permeability and continuous porous layer obtained from solvent polyurethane resin by water film-forming method.
In addition to the above four main types of artificial leather, there are polyurethane PVC composite artificial leather, rubber plastic nylon canvas leather, etc.

PVC artificial leather - generation artificial leather
Artificial leather: it is a kind of leather like plastic product obtained by coating or bonding the mixture composed of polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), plasticizer and stabilizer on the base cloth.
Synthetic leather - second generation artificial leather
Synthetic leather: a leather like plastic product obtained by coating or bonding a mixture of polyurethane resin (PU), additives and fillers on the base cloth;
Application fields of artificial leather and synthetic leather
Sports shoes (super fiber) - James boots, Li Ning, Anta, Adidas, 361, Nike, Samsung, China power all benefited;
Luggage: artificial leather + super fiber leather
Sofa: cushion: artificial leather + synthetic leather + microfiber leather
Clothing: synthetic leather
Leather for sporting goods - basketball, football, volleyball (super fiber leather), floor leather
Advertising leather: artificial leather
Book leather: synthetic leather + artificial leather
Automobile interior leather - the first in China's automobile share in 2009;